Cultural and Philosophical Foundations of the New Ethics: Reinterpretation of Normative Ethics in Postmodern Philosophy

The article is devoted to determining the sociocultural position assigned to normative ethics by modern philosophy. For this purpose, the arguments put forward by postmodern philosophy against the classical idea of normativity in culture are analyzed, and the models proposed by its representatives as alternative concepts of ethical development are described. A comparative analysis of new ethical concepts is carried out: antinormativism, normative relativism, moral neo-universalism, normativity of the “Other”. It is argued that along with the concepts that deny the idea of normativity (antinormativism, normative relativism), within the framework of postmodern philosophy there are ideas that create a foundation for reinterpreting the ideas of classical normativity in their correlation with contemporary socio-cultural experience (moral neo-universalism, normativity of the “Other”). It is concluded that the communicative organization of modern social reality and the ontological changes that have occurred in it allow us to talk about the emergence of a communicative ontology of ethical codification as one of the important tools of sociocultural self-organization. The social system changes its former rigid hierarchical nature to a network nature, devoid of a semantic center and prone to further modifications. In addition, transformations lead to the gradual transformation of society from a subordinate object into a subject of normative-value self-organization.