Effective solid waste management is decisive for environmental sustainability and community healthiness. This study addresses critical research gaps in scalable solid waste management (SWM) for developing economies through a systematic analysis of circular economy innovations, policy frameworks, and socio-economic barriers. Employing a dual-method approach combining a literature review and policy analysis, we identify infrastructure deficits, environmental justice trade-offs in waste-to-energy adoption, and formalization challenges for informal waste sectors as key constraints. Findings demonstrate modular technologies can reduce collection costs by 35%, while gamified education increases waste segregation by 60% in low-resource settings. The research proposes a justice-centered framework integrating three pillars: (1) Technical (low-cost modular solutions), (2) Social (formalized waste picker inclusion), and (3) Policy (equity-focused EPR reforms). By quantifying implementation metrics across 12 case studies, this work presents actionable pathways for building resilient SWM systems that balance ecological integrity, economic viability, and social equity.
Archana (2025) studied this question.