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March 3, 20260 citationsOpen Access

The Dark Sector in the Relational Expression Framework : Particle Content, Vacuum Structure and Numerical Coincidence

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IRIan Reynolds

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore the dark sector implications derived from a framework based on the Standard Model, focusing on dark matter and dark energy.
  • Analyzed the anomaly derivation chain from the Standard Model gauge group.
  • Investigated properties of Weyl fermions and dark matter candidates.
  • Explored implications of the Dirac operator's multiplicative spectral invariant for dark energy.
  • Identified the right-handed neutrino as the sole dark matter candidate, with no WIMPs existing.
  • Reported a mass scale for dark energy linked to light fermion masses around 0.5 GeV.
  • Predicted no viable dark matter candidates if the keV sterile neutrino window closes.

Abstract

Abstract We examine the dark sector implications of a framework that derives the Stan-dard Model gauge group SU(3)×SU(2)×U(1) and its fermion content from anomalycancellation and asymptotic freedom, with no additional states emerging from thederivation (Reynolds 2026a). Three results are reported.Dark matter. The anomaly derivation chain permits exactly six Weyl fermiontypes per generation; asymptotic freedom excludes higher representations. Noweakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) exists in the framework. The onlydark matter candidate is the right-handed neutrino νR, which is a total gauge sin-glet. We show that all νR mass eigenstates with MR ≳ 1010 GeV are cosmologicallyunstable (τ ≪ 1 s), eliminating superheavy and intermediate-mass scenarios. AkeV-scale sterile neutrinothe lightest eigenstate of a hierarchical Majorana massmatrixremains viable but requires additional input (lepton asymmetry for pro-duction, an unexplained eigenvalue hierarchy in MR), and its parameter space isunder signicant observational pressure from XRISM and Lyman-α constraints. Ifthe keV window closes, the framework's derived particle content contains no viabledark matter candidate.Dark energy. The multiplicative spectral invariant of the nite Dirac operatorDF the geometric mean of all eigenvaluesyields a mass scale of approximately0.5 GeV, shifting the cosmological constant discrepancy from 10123 (additive spec-tral action) to 1046 (multiplicative measure) in energy density, though the remainingdiscrepancy is unsolved. The seesaw block-determinant identity ensures this resultis exactly independent of the right-handed neutrino Majorana mass MR. The multi-plicative measure does not solve the cosmological constant problem, but it identiesa sub-GeV scalecontrolled by the light fermion masses and seesaw invarianceasthe natural vacuum scale in the multiplicative channel.Five falsiable predictions follow, in two categories: dark matter predictions (noWIMPs; if particle DM then keV sterile; if keV closes then no particle candidate)and a combined prediction (no new particles in the dark sector). A speculativenumerical coincidenceΩDM/ΩDE = 3/8is reported in an appendix.

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Cite This Study

Ian Reynolds (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a67f1ff353c071a6f0b10chttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18825664
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1A Numerical Coincidence Between the Dark Sector Ratio and Gauge Group Dimensions2026
  2. 2The Dark Sector in the Three-Phase Framework: Gauge-Trivial Sectors, the Phase Wall, and a Candidate Baryon Fraction2026
  3. 3Dark Matter in the Absolute Frame Theory: A Two-Component Origin, the Pilot-Wave Scale, and Matter-Parity Stabilization2026
  4. 4The Dark Sector from a Discrete Substrate: Cosmological Constant Resolution, Sterile Neutrino Mass, and the Coincidence Problem from Z3 ⊗Q32026
  5. 5Dark-matter phenomenology of the heavy mostly-sterile state in the minimal 4x3 Dirac extension of the Standard Model2026