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March 25, 20260 citationsOpen Access

When Vector Similarity Fails: How Budget-Adaptive Graph Traversal Recovers Critical Documents That RAG Cannot Find

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JSJean-François Swistak

Key Points

  • This research aims to enhance document retrieval systems by addressing shortcomings in vector-based approaches.
  • Developed WordWeaveWeb, an open-source Graph-RAG platform.
  • Introduced Auto-Hop, a budget-adaptive graph traversal algorithm.
  • Evaluated the approach on two corpora consisting of 274 enterprise documents and 4 regulatory PDFs.
  • Implemented an inverted cosine similarity cost model for traversal budget.
  • Achieved a 100% to 180% improvement in context coverage.
  • Recovered critical documents that were not found using traditional vector search methods.
  • Demonstrated effectiveness across 8 questions in the evaluation.

Abstract

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) systems based on vector similarity consistently fail to retrieve documents that are semantically related to the answer but not directly similar to the query. This paper presents WordWeaveWeb, an open-source multi-tenant Graph-RAG platform, and introduces Auto-Hop, a budget-adaptive graph traversal algorithm that extends vector-based retrieval by following typed semantic relations between document chunks. Auto-Hop uses an inverted cosine similarity cost model (cost = 1 − similarity) with a finite traversal budget, producing adaptive exploration depth. Evaluated on two corpora (274 enterprise documents, 4 regulatory PDFs) across 8 questions, Graph-RAG with Auto-Hop improves context coverage by +100% to +180% and recovers critical documents unreachable by vector search at any threshold. Full codebase, corpora, and benchmark traces are released under MIT license.

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Cite This Study

Jean-François Swistak (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c37bc2b34aaaeb1a67e864https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19192500
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