TORCH infections—comprising Toxoplasmosis, Rubella, Cytomegalovirus Infection, Herpes Simplex Virus Infection, and other infections such as syphilis—represent a major cause of adverse pregnancy outcomes worldwide. These infections can cross the placenta and lead to congenital anomalies, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neonatal morbidity and mortality. This article aims to analyze the clinical importance of TORCH infections during pregnancy, including their epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnostic approaches, and management strategies. The findings highlight the importance of early screening, prevention, and multidisciplinary care.
Tillayeva et al. (2026) studied this question.