Introduction: The emergence and proliferation of microorganisms resistant to conventional antimicrobial agents represent one of the most significant threats to global public health. Certain pathogens have evolved resistance to multiple classes of antibiotics, including those considered last-resort therapies, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and treatment complexity. The growing incidence of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR) has rendered many standard treatments ineffective, prolonging the duration of illness, elevating healthcare costs, and increasing the risk of fatal outcomes. Methods: Multidrug Resistance (MDR) is now widespread among diverse infectious agents, including bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites, contributing to the global burden of infectious diseases. These MDR organisms, often referred to as “superbugs,” present a formidable challenge to modern medicine. Results: Although resistance can occur naturally, factors such as inappropriate use of antimicrobial agents, suboptimal infection control practices, and inadequate sanitation significantly accelerate its development and dissemination. Discussion: The present findings emphasize the growing global challenge of Antimicrobial Resistance (AMR), which has emerged as one of the most pressing threats to public health. The widespread occurrence of Multidrug Resistance (MDR) across bacteria, fungi, viruses, and parasites reflects the alarming adaptability of microorganisms and their ability to undermine even last-resort therapies. This has serious clinical implications, as infections caused by MDR organisms are associated with prolonged illness, increased mortality, and greater healthcare costs. Conclusion: In response to this pressing issue, the present study aims to investigate and identify potential therapeutic strategies effective against multidrug-resistant bacterial pathogens.
Dash et al. (2026) studied this question.