The concept of national sovereignty is one of the fundamental principles in the establishment of modern states, as it represents the complete authority exercised by the state within its borders without any external interference. In Iraq, the establishment of national sovereignty is based on the 2005 Constitution of the Republic of Iraq, which emphasizes the independence of the state and the unity of its territory.The constitution outlines the organization of the relationship between the different branches of government to ensure a balanced application of sovereignty, while also respecting Iraq’s international obligations. However, challenges arise in interpreting and applying this concept due to political, economic pressures, and foreign interventions. The Federal Supreme Court plays a crucial role in safeguarding national sovereignty through its interpretation of constitutional provisions.The problem of the study is represented in trying to answer the central question: How can the state maintain its national sovereignty according to the constitutional and legal framework in light of globalization and international obligations? And the extent to which constitutional texts conform to the practical reality of exercising power? And what is the role of the Federal Supreme Court in reconciling the requirements of internal sovereignty with the requirements of international obligations?
kathem et al. (2025) studied this question.