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May 16, 20260 citationsOpen Access

Discrete Spinor Topological Chromodynamics: A First-Principles Theory from Two Algebraic Generators to the Complete Hadron Mass Spectrum

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YPYue Pan

Key Points

  • The study aims to construct a complete mathematical theory of strong interactions starting from minimal algebraic equations.
  • Utilized the cyclic and scaling algebraic generators to form the mathematical structure of strong interactions.
  • Analyzed the self-consistent closure in three-dimensional space to derive dynamical nodes and skeletal structures.
  • Constructed a spinor propagation operator and transition matrix for verification of derived physical constants.
  • Successfully derived the fine-structure constant and proton-electron mass ratio without any free parameters.
  • Predicted the lightest scalar glueball mass to be 1719 MeV.
  • Provided a 56x56 transition matrix for unconditional validation of the derived values.

Abstract

This theory departs from two minimal algebraic equations—the cyclic generator X² - XY + Y² = 0 and the scaling generator X² - XY - Y² = 0—and rigorously constructs the complete mathematical skeleton of all strong-interaction structures in the universe. The two equations achieve self-consistent closure in three-dimensional space, producing the icosahedral vertex set (12 structural nodes) ; the tensor product of four-tier binary fission operators yields 16 dynamical nodes; their intersection on the unit sphere forms a 28-node helical-cone skeleton. Lifting this skeleton to the double cover of the binary icosahedral group 2A₅ yields a 56-dimensional spinor propagation operator T. The theory contains no free parameters. Starting from these two algebraic equations, it rigorously derives the fine-structure constant, the proton-electron mass ratio, the - meson mass splitting, and predicts the lightest scalar glueball mass at 1719 MeV. The provided 56x56 transition matrix allows for unconditional independent verification of all reported values.

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Cite This Study

Yue Pan (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a080b84a487c87a6a40d9cahttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.20175320
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