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March 3, 2026Journal of Oral Rehabilitation0 citationsOpen Access

Gut–Brain–Jaw Axis: The Emerging Role of Gut Microbiota in Temporomandibular Disorders and Orofacial Pain—A Narrative Review

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ARAlessio RosaMGMarco GargariMMMirko Martelli

Key Points

  • Gut microbiota impacts both peripheral and central pain mechanisms, leading to orofacial pain.
  • Evidence supports using dietary modulation and probiotics as treatment modalities for temporomandibular disorders.
  • The narrative review highlights a bidirectional communication system between the gut and the brain.
  • A holistic approach to oral rehabilitation may improve management outcomes and personalize treatment options.

Abstract

Current evidence supports a bidirectional gut-brain-jaw communication system influencing both peripheral and central pain mechanisms. Incorporating microbiome-targeted approaches-such as dietary modulation, probiotics, and microbial therapy-may enhance TMD management and promote a more holistic, personalised model of oral rehabilitation.

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Cite This Study

Rosa et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69a75aa7c6e9836116a20bdbhttps://doi.org/10.1111/joor.70156
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