Harnessing Piezoelectric Biomaterials for Pathogenic Eradication and Tissue Regeneration

ABSTRACT The increasing incidence of infections and impaired tissue healing underscores the urgent need for effective therapeutic strategies for antibacterial treatment and regenerative medicine. Piezoelectric catalytic therapy represents an innovative approach that converts mechanical energy into electrochemical energy, providing a versatile platform for biomedical applications. However, conventional piezoelectric materials face significant limitations, including poor biocompatibility and insufficient catalytic efficiency, restricting their clinical translation. Piezoelectric biomaterials, characterized by excellent biocompatibility and enhanced piezoelectric performance, have recently emerged as promising candidates to overcome these challenges. This review systematically summarizes the latest advancements in piezoelectric biomaterials designed for pathogenic eradication and tissue regeneration. We provide a comprehensive overview of piezoelectric biomaterial classifications, fundamental mechanisms of piezoelectric catalysis, and methods to enhance material properties. Furthermore, we explore current applications of piezoelectric biomaterials in antibacterial therapies and regenerative medicine. Finally, critical challenges and potential future directions in material optimization and clinical application are identified, aiming to stimulate further innovation and research in this transformative field.