Comprehensive characterization of SiO₂-doped activated carbon from OPEFB and geothermal silica with varying concentrations for lithium-ion coin cell anodes

Key Points

• Improved electrochemical performance was observed with SiO2-doped activated carbon anodes.
• Energy density increased significantly with the optimal silica concentration of 5%, enhancing battery output.
• Assessment involved comparing various silicon-doped activated carbons from oil palm empty fruit bunch (OPEFB).
• Findings highlight potential for energy-efficient lithium-ion battery applications; further tests needed to confirm durability.