Integrated optimization of charging facility planning and en-route charging scheduling for heterogeneous electric bus systems

Key Points

• Optimized en-route charging scheduling enhances overall operational efficiency for electric bus systems.
• The analysis reveals significant performance improvements when integrating charging facilities and scheduling across various bus types.
• This study employs a comprehensive optimization framework to assess heterogeneous electric bus systems' charging needs.
• The findings suggest that better planning and scheduling can lead to more effective electric bus fleet management.