The current evidence base for ED treatments is predominantly of low or very low quality. While statistically significant improvements in ED were observed with both pharmacological and nonpharmacological interventions, these findings should be interpreted with caution due to the limited number of patients and the subjective nature of outcome indicators. The treatment landscape for ED is increasingly diverse, yet the reliability of the evidence is poor. Further well-designed studies on single treatments and high-quality meta-analyses of intertreatment comparisons are urgently recommended.
Ma et al. (2026) studied this question.