Lung cancer (LC) remains an important worldwide health concern, requiring continuous improvements in both diagnosis and treatment. Recent advancements in lung cancer treatment are highlighted in this review, including the application of molecular biomarkers and nano-biosensors for early detection and tailored treatment. The results for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients have significantly improved due to advancements in immunotherapies and targeted medications, particularly immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). These days, ICIs are employed as first-line therapy for advanced cases as well as after surgery and chemoradiation. Finding trustworthy prognostic biomarkers is still crucial, though. The study also covers innovative surgical procedures such as VATS, RATS, laser surgery, ENB, RFA, MWA, and hybrid approaches. The growing significance of tumour-specific vaccinations is also examined, particularly when used in conjunction with ICIs. The emerging role of tumour-specific vaccines, especially in combination with ICIs, is explored. Overall, the paper provides a comprehensive overview of modern lung cancer therapy strategies, focusing on precision medicine.
Choudhary et al. (2026) studied this question.