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March 25, 20262 citationsOpen Access

Ecological Validation of Ventilatory Strategies Training (VST) Adaptations in a World-Tour Professional Cyclist

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CRCyril Ricci

Key Points

  • This research aims to validate ventilatory strategies training (VST) adaptations in a professional cyclist under field conditions.
  • Conducted three field measurement sessions: baseline (T0) and two post-intervention sessions (T12).
  • Utilized laboratory-grade measurements including NIRS and breath-by-breath gas exchange.
  • Collected longitudinal power-matched data during the training sessions.
  • Significant decrease in Rf drift slope from 3.61 to 0.74 c/min/min (−79.5%).
  • Improvements in Tv end-of-effort by 21-26%.
  • Mean ventilation (VE) decreased by 22.2%.
  • Heart rate reduced by 14 to 17 bpm at ~375W.
  • Race equivalent time gained of 96-150 seconds on Alpe d'Huez.

Abstract

Ventilatory Strategies Training (VST) — combining Inspiratory Muscle Training (IMT) with hypercapnic/isocapnic tolerance protocols — has been proposed as an ergogenic intervention targeting respiratory muscle fatigue and the inspiratory metaboreflex in elite endurance athletes. Despite accumulating evidence from controlled laboratory settings, field-based ecological validation integrating simultaneous NIRS, breath-by-breath gas exchange, and longitudinal power-matched data remains absent from the literature. Three field measurement sessions of laboratory grade were performed: Session C (T0, baseline) and Sessions A and B (T12, post-intervention). Results: Rf drift slope 3.61 → 0.74 c/min/min (−79.5%; ÷4.87×). Hedges' g for Rf: −1.35 (large effect). Tv end-of-effort: +21–26%. Mean VE: −22.2% (Hedges' g = −1.26). VO2 τ ≈ 80 s; slow component 6.84–7.82 mL/kg/min. SmO2 quad min1: 24.5% → 7.5%. HR at ~375W: −14 to −17 bpm. Race equivalent: 96–150 sec gained on Alpe d'Huez (18–29 W freed). This case report provides ecologically robust, multi-parameter validation of the Ricci & Bouveort (2025) VST protocol. No population-level inference is claimed.

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Cite This Study

Cyril Ricci (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69c37bd4b34aaaeb1a67ea4fhttps://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19180922
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