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May 8, 2026European Journal of Ophthalmology0 citations

AI chatbots in strabismus care: A multidomain expert evaluation of caregiver-facing information

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DSDhiman ShwetaDPDutta ParomitaTPThacker Prolima

Key Points

  • This research aims to assess the accuracy and educational value of various AI chatbots in strabismus care education for caregivers.
  • Multidomain expert evaluation of AI chatbots including ChatGPT, Grok, DeepSeek, Gemini, and Llama.
  • Inter-rater reliability assessed using Fleiss' κ and Gwet's AC1 statistics.
  • Comparative analysis of chatbots based on accuracy, clarity, educational value, and safety.
  • ChatGPT demonstrated superior accuracy (p < 0.05) and clarity compared to Grok (OR 0.48) and DeepSeek (OR 0.61).
  • Gemini and Llama were rated higher in educational value and safety.
  • High expert agreement indicated (Fleiss' κ = 0.59, Gwet's AC1 = 0.87), supporting AI chatbots' role in pediatric ophthalmology education.

Abstract

< 0.05) but not for Safety. Compared with ChatGPT, lower odds of higher ratings were seen for Grok (OR 0.48) and DeepSeek (OR 0.61). Inter-rater reliability indicated moderate agreement (Fleiss' κ = 0.59) and strong consensus (Gwet's AC1 = 0.87).ConclusionChatGPT showed superior accuracy and clarity, while Gemini and Llama excelled in educational value and safety. High expert agreement supports AI chatbots as adjuncts in pediatric ophthalmology education requiring continued validation.

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Cite This Study

Shweta et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69fd7ef7bfa21ec5bbf07406https://doi.org/10.1177/11206721261445529
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Also Consider

Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context:

  1. 1The Use of Artificial Intelligence Based Chat Bots in Ophthalmology Triage2024
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  4. 4Quality, readability, originality, and guideline concordance of ChatGPT 5.5 Plus and Gemini 3.1 Pro responses to parent-oriented questions in pediatric dentistry: a comparative cross-sectional study2026
  5. 5Artificial Versus Human Intelligence in the Diagnostic Approach of Ophthalmic Case Scenarios: A Qualitative Evaluation of Performance and Consistency2024 · 3 citations