Design and development of IoT-based water quality monitoring for coastal fisheries ponds

Abstract Coastal pond fisheries are widely used by the community to raise fish or shrimp. Changes in environmental conditions greatly affect the fish raised in ponds. Unstable water quality can cause stress to pond biota, reduce productivity, and even cause mass fish deaths, resulting in economic losses for pond farmers. A monitoring system is needed that can provide real-time information and inform farmers about dangerous changes in water quality. As a solution to this problem, an Internet of Things (IoT)-based pond water quality detection system has been developed that can monitor water quality parameters in real-time. This system uses an Arduino Uno R3 microcontroller with ESP8266 as a control center, which is connected to pH, temperature, and TDS sensors to detect water conditions directly. The measured data is displayed on the LCD screen and sent to a mobile application via a WiFi connection, so that farmers can monitor pond conditions remotely. Test results showed that the system was highly accurate: pH accurate with an accuracy of 1.22 percent, temperature was accurate with an accuracy of 1.73 percent, and TDS was accurate with an accuracy of 3.10 percent. The system’s portable design, which uses a rechargeable lithium-ion battery, also means it does not rely on a constant power supply to maintain optimal operating conditions. In addition, the system is designed to operate in a pond environment, ensuring reliability under a wide range of operating conditions. IoT-based monitoring systems enable farmers to manage their ponds remotely, saving time and effort.