Emerging technologies enhance soldiers' capabilities, improving safety, accuracy, and efficiency. Exoskeletons, AI, AR, biotechnology, nanotechnology, drones, smart materials, and communication technologies enable the optimization of strategies, decisions, resistance, and situational awareness, being key in modern armed forces. This review paper synthesizes the most relevant advances, their key technologies and the impacts they have on the efficiency of soldiers' strategies during their operations. A systematic PRISMA review was conducted across the SCOPUS, Web of Science, Taylor & Francis, PubMed, and ProQuest databases, identifying review articles on these advances, including practical cases of implementation in military forces in Latin America and Europe. The results show more recent advances such as drone swarms, biometrics for monitoring troops, and high-precision laser weapons. Despite challenges such as costs and technical training, these technologies transform defense, improving its effectiveness and security, driving greater capabilities, and providing competitive advantages in adverse events.
Luna et al. (2025) studied this question.