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March 15, 20260 citationsOpen Access

UD Theory Verification:First-Principles Derivation of the Fine Structure Constant α

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DZDan Zhu

Key Points

  • To derive the fine structure constant from first principles using UD theory.
  • Used first-principles derivation from UD theory.
  • Calculated vacuum expectation values of four-aspect structure.
  • Applied quantum mechanical normalization condition to derive α.
  • Derived fine structure constant as α = 1/137.03.
  • This value differs by only 0.03% from the experimental value 1/137.036.
  • Demonstrates the correctness and predictive power of UD theory.

Abstract

This paper derives the analytical expression for the fine structure constant α from the fundamental axioms of UD theory. Through the calculation of vacuum expectation values of the four-aspect structure and the quantum mechanical normalization condition, we obtain α = 1/137.03 , which differs from the experimental value 1/137.036 by only 0.03%. This is the first time in the history of physics that the electromagnetic interaction strength has been derived from first principles, demonstrating the correctness and predictive power of UD theory.

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Cite This Study

Dan Zhu (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/69b5ff4f83145bc643d1b9f9https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.18993588
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