What question did this study set out to answer?

The aim is to understand the geometric origins of quarks and baryons, particularly focusing on their fractional charge and stability.

April 3, 2026Open Access

Geometric Origin of Quarks, Baryons, and Fractional Charge: Six Two-Dimensional Disks of B⁴(R), SO(4) Decomposition, Color Confinement, and Nucleon Stability

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This analysis derives geometric explanations for quarks and baryons, suggesting new insights into charge and stability.

The aim is to understand the geometric origins of quarks and baryons, particularly focusing on their fractional charge and stability.
Derivation of quark types from the four-dimensional structure of B⁴(R)
SO(4) decomposition analysis to understand flavor classification
Geometric reasoning for color charge and confinement
Coordinate membership counting to derive fractional quark charge
Theoretical exploration of nucleon stability through axis recombination.
Identified six quark types based on the geometry of coordinate disks in four-dimensional space.
Established a link between flavor classification and properties of four-dimensional SO(4) decomposition.
Demonstrated that color charge arises from geometric structures rather than particles.
Calculated fractional charges for Up and Down quarks as +2/3 and -1/3 using geometric principles.
Proved that neutron instability is linked to spatial configurations within four-dimensional space.

Cheong-Gwan Lee (2026) studied this question.

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April 3, 2026Open Access

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark

Authors

This analysis derives geometric explanations for quarks and baryons, suggesting new insights into charge and stability.

The aim is to understand the geometric origins of quarks and baryons, particularly focusing on their fractional charge and stability.
Derivation of quark types from the four-dimensional structure of B⁴(R)
SO(4) decomposition analysis to understand flavor classification
Geometric reasoning for color charge and confinement
Coordinate membership counting to derive fractional quark charge
Theoretical exploration of nucleon stability through axis recombination.
Identified six quark types based on the geometry of coordinate disks in four-dimensional space.
Established a link between flavor classification and properties of four-dimensional SO(4) decomposition.
Demonstrated that color charge arises from geometric structures rather than particles.
Calculated fractional charges for Up and Down quarks as +2/3 and -1/3 using geometric principles.
Proved that neutron instability is linked to spatial configurations within four-dimensional space.

Cheong-Gwan Lee (2026) studied this question.

View Full Paper

Ask AI

Bookmark