ABSTRACT Perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells (PSTSCs) represent a transformative photovoltaic technology, with certified power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) approaching approximately 35%, surpassing the limits of single‐junction devices while retaining potential for cost‐effective, scalable deployment. Yet, the path from lab‐scale records to commercial viability is hindered by persistent challenges in long‐term stability, large‐area fabrication, and real‐world reliability. Here, we address key degradation mechanisms, ranging from intrinsic issues like halide segregation and interfacial delamination to extrinsic stressors such as dust, dew, hail, partial shading, and biogenic contamination, as well as system‐level concerns including hotspot formation, electrode corrosion, potential‐induced degradation (PID), and stress‐induced current mismatching. We further evaluate installation‐dependent performance factors (tilt angle, mounting height, albedo, wind, and thermal cycling) and review advances in film uniformity, interface engineering, and light management. Economic considerations, including levelized cost of electricity (LCOE) benchmarks, are assessed alongside the urgent need for standardized IEC/ISOS testing and independent validation. By integrating efficiency, stability, and cost into a unified framework, we propose a roadmap toward the 25‐year operational lifetime required for widespread PSTSC adoption, positioning them as a cornerstone of a sustainable, low‐carbon energy future.
Mehmood et al. (2026) studied this question.