Lightweight and mobile artificial intelligence and immersive technologies in aviation

Abstract This review examines the current applications, benefits, challenges, and future potential of artificial intelligence (AI) and immersive aviation technologies. AI has been applied across various domains, including flight operations, air traffic control, maintenance, and ground handling. AI enhances aviation safety by enabling pilot assistance systems, mitigating human error, streamlining safety management systems, and aiding in accident analysis. Lightweight AI models are crucial for mobile applications in aviation, particularly for resource-constrained environments such as drones. Hardware considerations involve trade-offs between energy-efficient field-programmable gate arrays and power-consuming graphics processing units. Battery and thermal management are critical for mobile device applications. Although AI integration has numerous benefits, including enhanced safety, improved efficiency, and reduced environmental impact, it also presents challenges. Addressing algorithmic bias, ensuring cybersecurity, and managing the relationship between human operators and AI systems are crucial. The future of aviation will likely involve even more sophisticated AI algorithms, advanced hardware, and increased integration of AI with augmented reality and virtual reality, creating new possibilities for training and operations, and ultimately leading to a safer, more efficient, and more sustainable aviation industry.