The origins of International Humanitarian Law (IHL) can be traced back to the initiative of a renowned Swiss banker, Henry Dunant, who proposed the adoption of a set of rules governing armed conflicts and the establishment of a protective emblem recognized by the warring parties. Today, IHL seeks to bring a minimum level of humanity to the most inhumane situations – war. Its primary goal is to protect those who do not take part in the fighting (civilians, medical personnel, prisoners of war, and the wounded) and to limit suffering through clear rules on how conflicts should be conducted. My research employs a qualitative approach, based on the analysis of international legal documents (the Geneva Conventions, the Hague Regulations), concluding that while there have certainly been advances in the application of the Geneva Conventions and International Protocols, significant challenges remain due to newly emerging conflicts, lack of political will, and reluctance to hold accountable those responsible for serious IHL violations. My study aims to provide a clear understanding of the challenges and possible solutions for protecting human rights in times of armed conflict. Received: 20 May 2025 / Accepted: 19 June 2025 / Published: 25 June 2025
Doina Popescu Ljungholm (2025) studied this question.