Systematic fraud threatens the integrity of science, with paper and review mills distorting the evidence base in medicine and global health. Data transparency—once seen mainly as a driver of discovery—must now be recognized as a frontline defense against misconduct. Only through open data and coordinated action can we safeguard trust in research and its impact on health.
Lumbard et al. (2025) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: