Relationship Between Oral Health and Cardiovascular Diseases-a Narrative Review

Background: Poor dental heath associated with poor quality of diet, increased levels of inflammation, and conditions increase risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)and mortality. Periodontitis associated with CVD risk occurs due to bacterial interaction and resultant toxins released into blood, resulting in endothelial dysfunction and proatherogenic, prothrombotic effect. It also results in inflammatory and immune reactions. These mechanisms describe association of periodontitis with peripheral vascular disease, stroke, and coronary heart disease. Materials and methods: The present review aims to describe linkage between oral and CVD – mechanisms behind it and its chief pathologies. Inclusion criteria: included clinical trials that evaluated the current literature on the risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD)and mortality associated with periodontitis written in English. Exclusion criteria were: original primary studies, due to language limitations , abstracts, letters to the editor, book chapters, case reports, conference abstracts, duplicate publications, and in vitro and in vivo animal experimental studies. A comprehensive electronic literature search was performed in the following databases: PubMed, PMC, ScienceDirect, and Scopus using the Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms: periodontal disease, cardiovascular disease, periodontal therapy 28 articles were found and16 full-text articles of high methodological quality were selected acording to the review method used, the PRISMA. Results:As a result, some studies have shown the role chronic and periodontal diseases (PD) are involved in the development and progression cardiovascular diseases (CVD).These factors which determine the nature of the course of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Importance of oral health education, especially for chronic oral infections, proved to be effective for cardiac health and quality of life considering an early diagnosis through oral disorders than CVD. Common risk factors for early diagnosis include microbiological, clinical, inflammatory, and molecular markers. Conclusion: Biomarkers of oral health enable screening of several cardiovascular disorders. Both dentists, cardiologists, and other medical healthcare providers should extend their roles, considering the association between oral and cardiovascular disorders.