Studies on In Vitro Antimicrobial, Anticancer, and Anti-oxidative Inflammatory Response of Methanolic Tuber Extracts Derived From Terminalia chebula

Aim This study aims to investigate the antibacterial, antifungal, and phytochemical properties of methanolic tuber extracts from Terminalia chebula. Additionally, the study seeks to assess the in vitro anticancer effects of these extracts on an oral cancer cell line, as well as their antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Materials and methods The research involves examining the antibacterial and antifungal properties of methanolic tuber extracts from Terminalia chebula. The phytochemical composition will be analyzed using standard techniques. The in vitro anticancer effects will be tested on an oral cancer cell line, while antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities will be evaluated through appropriate assays. Results The study demonstrated that Terminalia chebula methanolic tuber extracts exhibit cytotoxic effects on the oral cancer cell line (KB-1), reducing cell viability as evidenced by the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. A concentration of 30 µg/mL induced notable morphological changes observed under an inverted fluorescence microscope. Antioxidant assays showed a maximum absorption of 85.3% with 50 µL of the extract, while anti-inflammatory tests revealed a 76.0% absorption. Antimicrobial activity, assessed via agar-well diffusion, indicated significant antibacterial effects, especially against Streptococcus mutans and Candida albicans at higher concentrations. The findings suggest promising therapeutic potential for Terminalia chebula extracts. Conclusion Terminalia chebula tuber extracts may treat diseases caused by studied organisms. The study suggests that methanolic extracts from Terminalia chebula tubers have potential commercial value due to their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and cytotoxic properties. The extracts induced apoptosis in an oral cancer cell line at 30 µg/mL after 24 hours. Further research is needed to understand the active components and underlying molecular mechanisms.