Renewable energy adoption and CO2 emissions in G7 economies: In-depth analysis of economic prosperity and trade relations

This study investigates the relationships between economic, environmental, and trade factors within the G7 economies from 1990 to 2022, focusing on their impacts on carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions. Analyzing data from G7 economies such as Canada, France, Germany, Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the United States. The study employs multiple regression (MLR) models to examine the influence of economic and environmental factors on CO2 emissions. Additionally, factor loading analysis and structural equation modeling (SEM) is utilized to validate construct reliability and visualize complex relationships. The findings highlight positive correlations between GDP growth and employment, alongside negative correlations with income inequality. In addition, environmental challenges are evident through negative correlations with industrial and energy-related CO2 emissions. The practical implications highlight the importance for policymakers to prioritize strategies promoting economic growth, addressing income inequality, and fostering sustainable trade relationships within the G7 economies to ensure inclusive and sustainable development. This study contributes to the literature by offering comprehensive insights into the intricate dynamics between economic, environmental, and trade factors and their impacts on CO2 emissions.