Pressure-Based Menu Selection on a Spherical Tangible Device

Spherical tangible devices are increasingly utilized in augmented and virtual reality applications due to their universal shape and ease of rotation. However, their form factor presents challenges in integrating input channels, such as buttons, leading to difficulties in menu selection and mode switching—functions essential for complex tasks. In this paper, we explored the utilization of air pressure to augment the input capabilities of spherical devices. We implemented linear menu selection using a pressure-sensitive spherical tangible device and evaluated its performance through three menu selection techniques: Dwell, Quick Release, and Stroke. Our results indicated that participants achieved an average success rate of 97.6% and an average selection time of 1,449 ms across all selection techniques for the 12 menu items. Dwell showed higher accuracy, while Quick Release and Stroke showed faster selection times. Lastly, we demonstrated the application of performing various tasks such as object manipulation, locomotion, and text input in a virtual reality environment using a spherical tangible device through pressure-based menu selection.