ABSTRACT Developing natural alternatives to antibiotics is an essential aspect for countering bacterial pathogens. This study focused on the influence of plant‐derived extracts on biofilm and quorum‐sensing (QS) inhibition in Pseudomonas aeruginosa . On screening, the methanolic extract (ME) of Sapindus mukorossi ( Sm ‐ME) effectively inhibited biofilm formation. The major bioactive groups present in Sm ‐ME were alkaloids, flavonoids, terpenoids, and saponins. These phytochemicals were validated by biochemical, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and gas chromatography–mass spectroscopy analysis. Sm ‐ME significantly inhibits up to 82.5% of P. aeruginosa biofilm formation and anti‐QS activity in a dose‐dependent manner. The microscopy analysis and the down‐regulation of virulence genes ( lasI , lasR , rhII , and rhIIR ) validated the effectiveness of Sm ‐ME in P. aeruginosa inhibition. Additionally, Sm ‐ME retained good biocatalytic activity on exposure to high temperatures up to 90°C and higher antioxidant activity than ascorbic acid. These findings briefly demonstrated the potential influence of Sm ‐ME for combating biofilm and QS inhibitions in P. aeruginosa via a natural, sustainable alternative to antibiotics.
Choudhury et al. (2026) studied this question.
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