HiSem-RAG: A Hierarchical Semantic-Driven Retrieval-Augmented Generation Method

Traditional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) methods struggle with hierarchical documents, often causing semantic fragmentation, structural loss, and inefficient retrieval due to fixed strategies. To address these challenges, this paper proposes HiSem-RAG, a hierarchical semantic-driven RAG method. It comprises three key modules: (1) hierarchical semantic indexing, which preserves boundaries and relationships between sections and paragraphs to reconstruct document context; (2) a bidirectional semantic enhancement mechanism that incorporates titles and summaries to facilitate two-way information flow; and (3) a distribution-aware adaptive threshold strategy that dynamically adjusts retrieval scope based on similarity distributions, balancing accuracy with computational efficiency. On the domain-specific EleQA dataset, HiSem-RAG achieves 82. 00% accuracy, outperforming HyDE and RAPTOR by 5. 04% and 3. 98%, respectively, with reduced computational costs. On the LongQA dataset, it attains a ROUGE-L score of 0. 599 and a BERTF1 score of 0. 839. Ablation studies confirm the complementarity of these modules, particularly in long-document scenarios.