Complexity Binding Theory: A Complete Framework for Galaxy Dynamics Without Dark Matter Particles

This paper presents Complexity Binding Theory (CBT), a comprehensive alternative to particle dark matter for explaining galaxy dynamics, gravitational lensing, cluster behavior, and cosmological observations. The theory proposes that organized structures generate effective gravitational binding proportional to their structural complexity. Key Findings: Galaxy Rotation: Testing on 175 SPARC galaxies yields an 85% improvement over Newtonian predictions with equal galaxy-specific free parameters. Simulation Proof: N-body simulations demonstrate that global binding constraints are necessary for structural stability (p=2.59×10−75). Lensing & Clusters: The model predicts lensing masses with 104% accuracy and explains Bullet Cluster dynamics via a collision enhancement formula. Predictions: Five of six unique predictions are consistent with literature, including declining rotation curves at high redshift and dark-matter-deficient galaxies (NGC1277, DF2, DF4). CBT suggests that "dark matter" may be the binding energy required to maintain organized structure against entropy, rather than invisible particles.