This study critically examines the relationship between neoliberal environmentalism and green certification systems by quantitatively analyzing LEED-certified buildings in Istanbul. It explores how green building practices intersect with market-oriented urban environmental governance through an analysis of the spatial distribution, ownership types, access typologies, and functional uses of certified projects. The findings reveal that nearly 80% of LEED-certified buildings in Istanbul are developed by private companies, and that 88.6% of these buildings are private spaces with limited or no public access. These projects are predominantly high-end offices or residential developments, with a large share holding “Gold” certification. Correlation analysis identifies an inverse relationship between LEED project density and socioeconomic vulnerability, raising critical questions about spatial justice and equity in access to sustainable urban environments. This study contributes to the growing body of critical literature that frames urban sustainability not merely as a technocratic checklist of standards but as a normative and contested terrain in which justice, equity, and inclusivity must be placed at the center.
Demirtaş et al. (2026) studied this question.