Tracing nomadic imprints in sedentary settings: a case study on the housing and settlement patterns of the Bede community

Abstract This study aims to trace nomadic imprints in the sedentary settings of the Bede community through a comprehensive survey of their housing and settlement patterns. Bede are known primarily for their nomadic lifestyle and trading profession. These people are found living in scattered groups of boats near the river. Locals often identify the term ‘Bede’ with a woman (Bedeni) recognisable by her attire: a vibrant Saree, a child in her arms, a wooden box balanced atop her head, and a bag filled with various products, calling out to see if anyone is interested in watching snake charms, buying healing amulets, or herbal medicines. However, there is more depth to the term ‘Bede.’ Although they have lived alongside the mainstream community for a significant amount of time, insufficient information about their community and settlements is available. Thus, this study briefly describes the architectural features, cultural heritage, and indigenous practices that are often concealed in the Bede community’s built forms from the outside world. This study was primarily conducted in Kharia Gucchagram, where the Bede have lived for several generations. This sedentary settlement exemplifies the Bede’s transition from nomadism to sedentism. This study discusses indigenous architectural practices and cultural identities through a descriptive analysis of the housing and settlement patterns of Kharia Gucchagram. Moreover, the study examines some of their nomadic and static sedentary life characteristics. Next, the study findings concerning the architectural characteristics of sedentary Bede settlements are compared to those concerning their nomadic lifestyles. Furthermore, this study discusses why the community chose to hold on to indigenous housing forms during the shift from nomadism to sedentism, how these helped them adapt to social and environmental challenges, and how thoughtful architectural strategies can support their resilience and future sustainability.