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January 20, 20260 citations

Changes in combustible cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system use among people with and without schizophrenia spectrum disorders in the USA (2016-2023).

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SJSamantha JohnstoneRDReilly DiemondLHLarry W. Hawk

Key Points

  • This research aims to examine the trends in cigarette and electronic nicotine delivery system (ENDS) use among those with and without schizophrenia spectrum disorders (SSDs).
  • Analyzed trends in smoking and vaping from 2016 to 2023.
  • Compared usage rates between individuals with and without SSDs.
  • Assessed dual use of cigarettes and ENDS.
  • Smoking and vaping rates declined overall from 2016 to 2023.
  • People with SSDs showed higher rates of cigarette and ENDS use compared to those without.
  • Despite similar declines, dual use remained significantly higher among individuals with SSDs.

Abstract

Despite comparable declines in daily smoking and increases in daily vaping, rates of smoking, ENDS use and dual use were persistently higher among people with SSDs, demonstrating continued nicotine/tobacco health disparities.

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Cite This Study

Johnstone et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696f1a239e64f732b51ee630https://doi.org/10.1136/tc-2025-059754
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