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January 20, 2026The European Physical Journal Plus0 citationsOpen Access

Properties of generalized Schwarzschild spacetimes with extra dimensions

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PMPeter Mészáros

Key Points

  • The aim is to explore vacuum solutions in generalized Schwarzschild spacetimes with extra dimensions and their properties.
  • Utilized an ansatz for the static spacetime with spherical symmetry and Euclidean symmetry in extra dimensions.
  • Evaluated properties using the Kretschmann scalar and defined various mass types (Newtonian, Komar, ADM, etc.).
  • Identified classes of solutions and characterized singularities in different cases.
  • Classified solutions into trivial and non-trivial categories.
  • Noted that in the absence of a horizon, solutions exhibit naked singularities with negative masses.
  • Documented that solutions with a horizon exhibit physical singularities and Kaluza-Klein bubbles, with differing mass values.

Abstract

Abstract We show that an ansatz for 1+3+n 1 + 3 + n dimensional static spacetime with spherical symmetry in three dimensions and Euclidean symmetry in n dimensions, parametrized by only one function of radial coordinate, leads to a limited set of vacuum solutions of the Einstein field equations. They can also be identified as Weyl solutions. We investigate properties of these spacetimes through the Kretschmann scalar, Newtonian mass defined through the Newtonian limit, Komar mass, Einstein, Landau–Lifshitz, and ADM mass. In addition to 1+3+n 1 + 3 + n dimensional Minkowski spacetime, there are two classes of solutions. The first class is a trivial product of the Schwarzschild spacetime and Euclidean spaces in extra dimensions, while the second class is non-trivial. In the case with no horizon, there is a naked singularity, all masses are equal, and they are negative. In the case when there is a horizon, this horizon accommodates a physical singularity, which corresponds to Kaluza–Klein bubbles featuring exotic properties. Einstein, Landau–Lifshitz, and ADM masses are positive, while Newtonian and Komar masses are negative. This differentiates these solutions from trivial higher-dimensional extensions of the Schwarzschild solution.

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Cite This Study

Peter Mészáros (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/696f1b189e64f732b51ef18dhttps://doi.org/10.1140/epjp/s13360-025-07264-2
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