ABSTRACT Nanocages and cell-membrane display technology are becoming crucial components in creating advanced smart biomaterials with enhanced functional features. Nanocages, with their hollow nanoscale design, provide distinct benefits in biomedical applications owing to their enormous surface area in relative to their volume, which improves their capacity for precise delivery of therapeutic agents and imaging probes. When combined with cell membrane display technology, these nanocages can be designed to engage interactively with biological systems, facilitating real-time monitoring and adaptive therapeutic responses. Cell membrane display technology utilizes the inherent characteristics of cellular membranes to establish interfaces that can interact with specific cells or tissues. By integrating nanocages into these displays, researchers can develop advanced biomaterials that react to particular cellular signals or environmental variations. This synergy allows for the development of "smart" biomaterials that not only deliver treatments but also adapt to the physiological conditions of the patient, providing tailored and efficient therapeutic solutions. The combination of nanocages and cell-membrane display technology represents a significant advancement in biomaterials science, offering new opportunities for precision medicine, drug delivery, and diagnostic applications. As these technologies continue to evolve, they hold potential to revolutionize healthcare and medical treatment.This review explores the integration of nanocages and cell-membrane display technology as innovative biomaterials in periodontics.
Patil et al. (2026) studied this question.