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This review aims to explore the mechanisms that regulate CCR5, particularly in the context of HIV and other diseases.

February 2, 2026Biochemical Society Transactions0 citationsOpen Access

Mechanisms of transcriptional regulation of CCR5, which is the co-receptor for R5-tropic HIV and is also involved in other disease processes

LWL. Ling-chi WangYale University SASharon Veron AkisaYale University RSRichard SuttonYale University

Key Points

This review aims to explore the mechanisms that regulate CCR5, particularly in the context of HIV and other diseases.
Reviewed existing literature on CCR5 and its roles in various diseases.
Examined epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, including DNA methylation and histone modification.
Explored the involvement of transcription factors and signal transduction pathways.
CCR5 is crucial for HIV co-reception and influences susceptibility of T cells and macrophages.
Lower CCR5 levels are associated with reduced HIV infection risk and enhanced transplant outcomes.
CCR5 is implicated in cancer progression, indicating its potential as a therapeutic target.

Abstract

C–C chemokine receptor type 5 (CCR5) is the R5-tropic human immunodeficiency virus type 1 or HIV co-receptor. Lower CCR5 levels can reduce T cell and macrophage susceptibility and suppress HIV infection. Moreover, CCR5Δ32 homozygous stem cell transplantation is central to HIV cure. Other studies have shown that CCR5 plays a vital role in cancer development and cell migration, and it was considered a potential therapeutic target for several types of malignancy. In addition to HIV and cancer, CCR5 also participates in immune response and plays a role in graft-versus-host disease in bone marrow transplant patients. It is also associated with other diseases, such as Parkinson’s disease and rheumatoid arthritis. Thus, investigating its regulatory mechanisms is critically important for understanding the progress and therapeutics of other illnesses. Transcriptional regulation of genes is a complex process that controls when, where, and how much the RNA transcript is produced. In this minireview, we discuss epigenetic regulatory mechanisms, such as DNA methylation and histone modification, transcription factors, and signal transduction pathways, involved in the regulation of CCR5 transcripts.

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