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February 2, 2026Journal of Cardiac Surgery0 citationsOpen Access

Is a Prior History of PCI a Predictor of MACE Within 1 Year of CABG, a Propensity‐Matched Analysis Using Optimal Matching

HMHani N. MuftiFAFahad M. AlshairAAAnas K Alqahtani

Key Result

A history of prior PCI before CABG had no direct impact on the risk of major adverse cardiac events within 1 year of surgery, which occurred in 26.9% of the matched cohort overall.

Key Points

  • This analysis aims to evaluate the relationship between prior PCI and the occurrence of MACE within one year of CABG surgery.
  • Conducted a propensity-matched analysis of adult patients who underwent isolated CABG from January 2018 to December 2023.
  • Evaluated patient demographics, medications, laboratory results, and clinical data.
  • Used optimal propensity score matching to mitigate selection bias.
  • Out of 375 patients, 219 were included after matching with a 2:1 ratio.
  • 26.9% of patients experienced MACE within one year post-CABG.
  • Key risk factors for MACE included age under 61, prior PCI, low hemoglobin levels, BMI below 30, low ejection fraction, and non-elective surgery.

Study Design

Type

Observational (n=219)

Multicenter

No

Structured PICO

Does a prior history of PCI increase the risk of MACE within 1 year in adult patients undergoing isolated CABG?

P
Population
219 adult patients (propensity-matched from an original cohort of 375) who underwent isolated coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), median age 62, 82.2% male, based in Saudi Arabia. Key inclusion: ≥18 years old, isolated CABG surgery.
I
Intervention
Prior history of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) before CABG
C
Comparator
No prior history of PCI before CABG (propensity-matched 2:1 based on preoperative characteristics and risk factors)
O
Outcome
Major adverse cardiac events (MACE) within 1 year of CABG, defined as a composite of mortality, readmission for acute coronary syndrome (ACS) or heart failure (HF), need for coronary reintervention via PCI or surgery, or stroke.composite

A history of PCI prior to CABG does not significantly increase the risk of 1-year MACE when adjusting for baseline characteristics, suggesting preoperative optimization of factors like LVEF and hemoglobin is more critical.

Limitations

  • retrospective design
  • missing values requiring multiple imputation

Abstract

Background Percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is an effective option for myocardial revascularization, even for high‐risk patients. As a result, more patients who undergo coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) have previously had PCI. This study aims to assess the impact of prior PCI on the occurrence of major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) within 1 year of CABG. Methods We performed a propensity‐matched analysis of adult patients who underwent isolated CABG at our institution from January 2018 to December 2023. We evaluated patient demographics, medication, laboratory results, previous PCI, and clinical data. Our main goal was to compare and predict any differences in MACE between patients with a history of PCI and those without. An optimal propensity score (OPS) matching technique was used to create matched groups based on patients’ preoperative characteristics and risk factors, thereby controlling for selection bias associated with prior PCI. Results Over 5 years, 375 patients received isolated CABG. Using 2:1 OPS, 219 patients were matched and included in the final analysis (58.4% of the original cohort). The average age was 62 years, and 82% were male. Of the studied group, 185 patients (84.5%) had diabetes; 59 patients (26.9%) experienced MACE; and 73 patients (33%) had previous PCI, with 53% of those undergoing PCI within 12 months of surgery. Factors such as age under 61 years, prior PCI, low hemoglobin levels (less than 12 g/dL), BMI below 30 kg/m 2 , ejection fraction less than 40%, and nonelective surgery were strongly associated with 1‐year MACE, as identified by stepwise multivariate logistic regression analyses. Conclusion In the current era, using propensity‐matched groups, a history of PCI before CABG has no direct impact on the risk of MACE within 1 year of CABG surgery. Lower LVEF and hemoglobin levels before CABG were significantly predictive of MACE within 1 year after the procedure. To maximize benefit and minimize harm, it is recommended to focus on optimizing patient status before surgery to achieve the best outcomes.

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Cite This Study

Mufti et al. (2026) conducted an observational in Isolated CABG (n=219). Prior history of PCI vs. No prior history of PCI was evaluated on Major adverse cardiac events (MACEs) within 1 year of CABG. A history of prior PCI before CABG had no direct impact on the risk of major adverse cardiac events within 1 year of surgery, which occurred in 26.9% of the matched cohort overall.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6980fd60c1c9540dea80f11fhttps://doi.org/10.1155/jocs/1825061
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