AS, DI, OI and GD v . Italy

400 Human rights — Right to life — Right to an effective remedy — Treaties — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Admissibility of communication — Jurisdiction — Power and control — Whether victims of shipwreck under Italy’s jurisdiction — Whether victims of shipwreck within Italy’s search and rescue area — Whether Malta or Italy having primary responsibility for search and rescue — Shared responsibility for search and rescue — Exhaustion of local remedies — Whether local remedies rule applicable — Whether authors having effective remedies — Whether Italy failing to protect victims’ right to life — Whether Italy delaying search and rescue operations — Whether Italy withholding information from Malta’s authorities — Whether Italy refusing to put its vessels at disposal of Malta’s authorities — Delays in criminal proceedings — Whether delay in criminal proceedings undue — Whether Italy providing explanation for delay — Remedies — Full reparation — Filing of report on measures to implement views — Whether Italy violating Articles 2(3) and 6 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 Sea — Shipwreck — Right to be rescued at sea — Shipwreck of vessel on high seas resulting in death of migrants — Shipwreck occurring within Malta’s search and rescue area — Responsibility for search and rescue of victims of shipwreck — Whether victims of shipwreck under Italy’s jurisdiction — Admissibility of communication — Whether Italy violating Articles 2(3) and 6 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 Jurisdiction — Power and control — Shipwreck of vessel on high seas resulting in death of migrants — Shipwreck occurring within Malta’s search and rescue area — Responsibility for search and rescue of victims of shipwreck — Whether victims of shipwreck under Italy’s jurisdiction — Admissibility of communication — Whether Italy violating Articles 2(3) and 6 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 Aliens — Human rights — Treaties — International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966 — Position of aliens under Covenant — Enjoyment of Covenant rights — Whether Covenant rights available to all individuals regardless of nationality or statelessness — Shipwreck of vessel on high seas resulting in death of migrants — Power and control — Whether victims of 401 shipwreck under Italy’s jurisdiction — Admissibility of communication — Whether Italy violating Articles 2(3) and 6 of International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights, 1966