Our study revealed that ZM has a dual anti-osteoporosis effect by promoting osteoblastogenesis and inhibiting osteoclastogenesis, which is mediated by activation of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway and suppression of the NF-κB/MAPK cascades. These findings suggest that ZM could be a promising therapeutic agent for alleviating osteoporosis.
Li et al. (2026) studied this question.