Introduction Functional seizures (FS) are events that resemble epileptic seizures, but are not attributed to brain pathology and are instead thought to be due to psychological factors. A small, multisite, open-label, single-arm, pilot trial of a breathing intervention known as breathing control training (BCT) found it to be safe and effective in reducing seizure frequency in FS. We propose a protocol for a study to confirm these results. Methods and analysis A 24-week, multicentre, individually-randomised, assessor-blinded, two-arm, parallel-group efficacy and acceptability trial of BCT versus control (Befriending) in 220 participants ≥16 years of age with FS. Eligible participants will be randomly allocated to receive two sessions of either BCT or Befriending over a 4-week period. Sessions will be delivered by a respiratory physiotherapist at a clinical care site or via telehealth. They will complete assessments prior to commencing treatment and at 4, 12 and 24 weeks after their initial session of BCT/Befriending. The trial will be conducted alongside treatment as usual. An economic evaluation including cost-utility and cost-effectiveness analyses will be carried out from health sector and societal perspectives. Ethics and dissemination The study has been approved by The Austin Health Human Research Ethics Committee (HREC/84335/Austin-2022) and the New Zealand Central Health and Disability Ethics Committee (2022 FULL 12324). Findings will be reported to trial participants and consumers; presented at local, national and international conferences; and disseminated by a peer-reviewed scientific journal.
Kanaan et al. (2026) studied this question.