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February 6, 2026Facial Plastic Surgery & Aesthetic Medicine0 citations

Ear Size and Position Variations Rated by Casual Observers on Artificial Intelligence-Generated Models

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KKKai C. KokeshKSKathleen C.Y. SieRBRandall Bly

Key Points

  • The aim is to determine how casual observers perceive variations in ear size, angulation, protrusion, and vertical position.
  • Used artificial intelligence-generated facial images to create unilateral variations in ear size, angulation, protrusion, and vertical position.
  • A total of 200 respondents rated 46 altered images using a Likert scale from 0 to 10.
  • Assessments focused on significant changes in auditory appearance compared to baseline conditions.
  • Casual observers rated a ≥10% change in ear size significantly differently from the baseline (p < 0.001).
  • Retrograde angulation of ≥10° was rated significantly different (p < 0.001) compared to the baseline.
  • Positive asymmetrical protrusion received more critical ratings than negative asymmetrical protrusion.
  • Vertical position differences were rated the least critically on average compared to baseline.

Abstract

Background: Auricular asymmetry affects facial aesthetics; yet, the degree of asymmetry discernible by a casual observer remains poorly defined. Objective: To measure the casual observer’s perception of auricular size, angulation, protrusion, and vertical position. Methods: Artificial intelligence-generated facial images were utilized and unilateral variations created in (1) size, (2) angulation, (3) protrusion, and (4) vertical position. A total of 200 responders reviewed 46 images, rating the ear appearance on a Likert scale of 0–10. Results: Causal observers rated a ≥10% change in size significantly different than baseline ( p < 0.001). Retrograde angulation ≥10° and anterograde angulation at 20° were rated significantly different than baseline ( p < 0.001). Positive asymmetrical protrusion was rated more severely than negative asymmetrical protrusion. The vertical position difference was rated least critically on average compared with baseline. Conclusion: Casual observers more critically perceived auricular size asymmetry and retrograde angulation when compared with protrusion and vertical position asymmetry.

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Cite This Study

Kokesh et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/698585aa8f7c464f2300936ahttps://doi.org/10.1177/26893614251407676
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