High-repetition nanosecond pulsed field ablation achieved 88.5% freedom from atrial arrhythmias at 12 months with 2.4% serious adverse events, mostly under local anesthesia.
Does high-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulsed field ablation safely and effectively prevent atrial arrhythmias in symptomatic drug-refractory patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation?
High-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulsed field ablation is highly effective and safe for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation, uniquely allowing most procedures to be performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation.
BACKGROUND: Nanosecond pulsed field ablation, which offers potential benefits, such as reduced muscle contraction, may enable procedures to be performed under local anesthesia.To evaluate the 12-month safety and efficacy of a novel high-repetition frequency nanosecond pulsed field ablation for treating paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. METHODS: The prospective, multicenter, single-arm trial SCENA-AF study was conducted across 11 Chinese centers. Symptomatic drug-refractory patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation aged 18 to 80 years underwent pulmonary vein isolation using a commercial nanosecond pulsed field ablation system. The primary efficacy end point was freedom from documented atrial fibrillation, atrial flutter, or atrial tachycardia ≥30 seconds from 91 to 365 days postablation without use of class I and III antiarrhythmic drugs. The primary safety end point was freedom from device- or procedure-related death, stroke, transient ischemic attacks, or other major complications during the procedure and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS: Of the 166 enrolled patients who underwent the PFA procedures, 162 completed follow-up. Acute pulmonary vein isolation success was 100% for targeted veins. At 12 months, 88.49% (95% CI, 82.54%–92.50%) met the primary efficacy end point. No device- or procedure-related death, stroke, or transient ischemic attacks occurred. Notably, 92.77% of procedures were performed under local anesthesia and conscious sedation. Procedure-specific serious adverse events occurred in 2.41% of patients and were limited to access-site hematomas or pseudoaneurysms that resolved. No clinical hemolysis signs or symptoms were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The novel high-repetition-frequency nanosecond pulsed field ablation demonstrated high 12-month efficacy and a favorable safety profile for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation treatment. The ability to perform most procedures under local anesthesia with conscious sedation, with general anesthesia rarely needed, highlights a potential advantage of this technology. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION: www.clinicaltrials.gov ; Unique identifier: NCT06039722.
Xie et al. (2026) studied this question. High-repetition nanosecond pulsed field ablation achieved 88.5% freedom from atrial arrhythmias at 12 months with 2.4% serious adverse events, mostly under local anesthesia.