2D Nucleosynthesis, Lithium-7 & the S8 Tension: Quantizing Cosmic Evolution

Part III of the Tri-Parametric Information Synthesis (TPIS) Framework. Sequel to: Gravitational Phase Transitions: The Crystallization of Time at the Event Horizon. Abstract: Precision observations of the late universe consistently exhibit a suppression of structure (S8 tension) and a deficit of light elements (Lithium problem) relative to standard ΛCDM extrapolations. In this manuscript, we propose that these statistical divergences are not experimental errors, but signatures of a holographic information limit. Unlike the standard model, which treats cosmic expansion as a continuous volumetric growth, we introduce the framework of Quantized Cosmic Evolution. Building upon the Tri-Parametric Information Synthesis (TPIS), we demonstrate that the actualization of cosmic structure is fundamentally inhibited by the Resolution Tax of the vacuum (ξ≈4%), acting as an entropic friction on the arrow of time. We show that Big Bang Nucleosynthesis (BBN) is more accurately described as a process occurring on a 2D information surface, where the geometric projection to 3D naturally accounts for the missing Lithium-7. Furthermore, we derive that the observed smoothness of the modern universe (S8≈0.76) is the exact consequence of discrete information processing, preventing the uninhibited growth assumed by linear inflation models. Finally, the framework unifies the macroscopic and microscopic scales by deriving the sum of neutrino masses (∑mν≈0.058 eV) and resolving the Proton Radius Puzzle as artifacts of the same vacuum resolution limit.