Diabetes Mellitus: A Comprehensive Review on Types, Complications, Treatment and Diagnosis

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels resulting from defects in insulin secretion or action. The prevalence of diabetes is rapidly increasing worldwide, especially in developing countries like India. This study aims to compare the risk factors associated with diabetes mellitus among rural and urban populations. A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted among adults aged 18–65 years to assess the influence of demographic, lifestyle, and metabolic variables. Parameters such as BMI, physical activity, diet, family history, hypertension, and socioeconomic status were evaluated. Results indicate that urban populations show higher prevalence due to sedentary lifestyles, obesity, and unhealthy dietary patterns, while rural areas are increasingly affected due to changing food habits and reduced physical activity. The study highlights the need for tailored preventive strategies targeting both communities. Promoting awareness, lifestyle modification, and early screening can significantly reduce the growing burden of diabetes in India.