This paper analyzes the determinants of migration in Tunisia from 1992 to 2023, focusing on economic dynamics, technological innovations, and climate change. It uses the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method to assess how these factors impact employment and wages. Findings indicate that high unemployment and limited opportunities drive emigration, leading to brain drain and labor market imbalances. However, diaspora financial transfers support the national economy. The study emphasizes the need for a national strategy to manage emigration effectively, maximizing its benefits while addressing its adverse effects on the labor market.
Ghali et al. (2025) studied this question.