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February 8, 2026Advanced Synthesis & Catalysis0 citationsOpen Access

Direct Evidence for the Role of Silver(I) Salts in Promoting the Oxidative Addition Step in Palladium‐Catalyzed C−H Arylation Reactions

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VSVerena SukowskiSRSoma RudiMSMaría L. G. Sansores‐Paredes

Key Points

  • This work aims to investigate the role of silver salts in promoting the oxidative addition step in palladium-catalyzed C−H arylation reactions.
  • Experimental evidence was gathered through reaction kinetics and catalytic tests.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations were performed to support findings.
  • Various aryl halides were tested in palladium-catalyzed reactions.
  • Silver was confirmed to act as a promotor for the rate-limiting oxidative addition step.
  • The findings established a new understanding of silver's role in these reactions.
  • Experimental results showed improved reaction rates with silver salts compared to other halogen scavengers.

Abstract

Silver is a widely used additive in Pd‐catalyzed C−H arylation reactions with aryl halides, which compromises the overall sustainability of the processes. The role of silver in these transformations has been attributed to its ability to act as a halogen scavenger to regenerate the active catalyst. However, the possibility of silver playing other roles has been widely questioned, as replacing silver salts with other halogen scavengers has proven challenging. In this work, we provide experimental evidence demonstrating the role of silver as a promotor of the rate‐limiting oxidative addition step of Pd(II) to Pd(IV) with aryl iodides, a role that, until now, has not been experimentally established. These findings are further supported by density functional theory (DFT) calculations.

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Cite This Study

Sukowski et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6988277b0fc35cd7a8846492https://doi.org/10.1002/adsc.70275
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