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February 8, 2026Modern Physics Letters A0 citations

Expanding and Contracting Bianchi Type-I Cosmologies in f ( R,φ,X ) Theory

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PKPinar KirezliMDMeli̇s Ulu Dog̃ruDTDoğukan Taşer

Key Points

  • This research explores the effects of f(R,φ,X) theory on Bianchi Type-I cosmologies, focusing on perfect fluids.
  • Examined f(R,φ,X) theory in the context of Bianchi Type-I space-time.
  • Utilized a hybrid model combining Starobinsky-like and kessence approaches.
  • Derived and analyzed two distinct solutions for cosmological scenarios.
  • Identified forms of expanding and contracting cosmologies within Bianchi Type-I.
  • Analyzed effective energy densities and pressures for both solutions.
  • Determined necessary energy conditions for the solutions.

Abstract

f(R,φ,X) theory, combination of scalar-tensor and f(R)-class gravity, is examined for perfect fluid in Bianchi Type-I space-time. Hybrid model of Starobinsky-like and kessence is used. Two different forms of solution are obtained and discussed in Bianchi Type-I cosmology. Effective energy densities, effective pressures and necessary statements of energy conditions for both solutions are analyzed. It is discussed whether f(R,φ,X) theory allows expanding or contracting cosmologies for obtained two forms of Bianchi Type-I space-time.

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Cite This Study

Kirezli et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6988278b0fc35cd7a884660dhttps://doi.org/10.1142/s0217732326500550
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