Exploring the Effects of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization on Pain and Function in Patients with Non-Specific Low Back Pain

Background: Low back pain (LBP) is the most prevalent musculoskeletal disorder worldwide, with non-specific LBP frequently affecting individuals in occupations requiring prolonged sitting or standing. Sustained static postures impose considerable biomechanical stress on the lumbar spine, leading to muscular fatigue and the development of myofascial trigger points (MTrPs), particularly within the quadratus lumborum and hamstrings. These hyperirritable nodules potentiate nociceptive signalling and contribute to functional limitations. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Instrument-Assisted Soft Tissue Mobilization (IASTM) in reducing MTrP sensitivity and enhancing functional outcomes in individuals with non-specific LBP. Methods: A single-blinded, parallel-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted involving 30 participants aged 18 to 40 years, all with chronic non-specific LBP of at least two years and occupational exposure to prolonged sitting or standing. Primary outcomes included pain pressure threshold (PPT) measured via pressure algometry, hamstring flexibility assessed by active knee extension (AKE), and spinal lateral flexion evaluated with the modified Schober test. Results: Post-intervention analysis revealed statistically significant improvements in all parameters (p < 0.05), with increased PPT, enhanced hamstring extensibility, and greater spinal lateral flexion. Conclusion: IASTM demonstrated significant efficacy in alleviating pain sensitivity and improving musculoskeletal function, underscoring its potential as an adjunct to conventional rehabilitation in non-specific LBP management. Key words: Active myofascial trigger points, Quadratus lumborum, IASTM, Non-specific LBP, Pain Pressure Threshold