The increasing penetration of renewable energy resources has amplified variability and uncertainty in power systems, reducing the effectiveness of conventional single-period Optimal Power Flow (OPF) strategies. Multi-period AC-OPF offers a more comprehensive framework by incorporating inter-temporal constraints and resource flexibility, but its high computational complexity and strong temporal coupling make large-scale applications challenging, often causing scalability issues and convergence difficulties in conventional solvers. We address these issues with a spatio-temporal deep learning model that combines a Graph Attention Network (GAT) for topology-aware feature learning with a Temporal Convolutional Network (TCN) for multi-period temporal modeling. The proposed model is trained on large-scale 500-bus and 1354-bus systems under both 8-period and 24-period settings, and it achieves robust scalability with consistently high prediction accuracy. Using the model’s predictions, we construct an initial solution and provide it to a conventional OPF solver, which improves convergence performance and demonstrates the model’s effectiveness as an auxiliary tool for complex MP-ACOPF problems.
Kim et al. (2026) studied this question.